The CCPA is proud to sign the letter below from our colleagues at the Third World Network. Endorsed so far by over 350 civil society organizations worldwide, the letter urges WTO member governments to support a proposal from South Africa and India calling for the suspension of the implementation, application and enforcement of certain WTO TRIPS obligations (regarding patents, copyright, industrial design, and protection of undisclosed information) for the treatment, prevention and containment of COVID-19. This initiative would help facilitate a truly global, public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which the current WTO intellectual property rights regime impedes as explained in the letter and the proposal.
In the trade chapter of our AFB Recovery Plan, the CCPA called on the federal government to make permanent Canada’s provisions for compulsory licensing of medicines, vaccines and other medical supplies included in Ottawa’s pandemic response legislation. We now call on the Canadian government to back this urgent proposal in Geneva.
Dear Members of the World Trade Organization,
We the undersigned organisations call on all WTO Members to strongly support the adoption of the decision text proposed by India and South Africa in their proposal for “Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the prevention, containment and treatment of COVID19” (Waiver Proposal).
When COVID-19 was declared to be a pandemic, there was overwhelming consensus that to curb the spread of COVID-19, there was an urgent need for international collaboration to speed up product development, scale up of manufacturing, expand the supply of effective medical technologies and ensure everyone, everywhere is protected. There were even calls including from several Heads of State for COVID-19 medical products to be treated as global public goods.
Seven months into the pandemic, there is no meaningful global policy solution to ensure access. Instead, there is an inequality of access to critical technologies that are needed to address the pandemic. Many countries, especially developing and least developed countries struggling to contain COVID-19 have experienced and are facing acute shortages of medical products, including access to diagnostic testing.¹ Furthermore, wealthy nations representing only 13 percent of the global population have locked up at least half the doses of the world’s five leading potential vaccines.²
In this pandemic, the pharmaceutical industry has mainly pursued “business as usual” approaches, entrenching monopolistic intellectual property (IP) controls over COVID-19 health technologies that restrict scale-up of manufacturing, lock out diversified suppliers, and undermine competition that results in lower prices. A few companies, such as Astra Zeneca, have pledged not for profit prices during the pandemic, and yet by maintaining control over these technologies, can unilaterally declare the end of the pandemic and increase prices to maximise profits, even if it undermines international efforts to save lives.³
The COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) launched by WHO (to voluntarily share knowledge, IP and data), has been rejected by the pharmaceutical industry.⁴ Instead, companies continue to sign secretive and restrictive licensing agreements. For example, Gilead Sciences’ secret licensing agreements for remdesivir, a medicine that was developed with substantial public funding, are restricted to a few manufacturers of its choosing, thereby preventing low-cost supply to nearly half of the world’s population. Unsurprisingly, there have been global shortages of the medicine, with many developing countries yet to see even a single vial of the treatment exported to them. Given the medicine’s limited effectiveness, we are deeply concerned that such an approach for a safe and effective therapy will exclude even more people from treatment access.
Additionally, emerging intellectual property infringement disputes on COVID-19 technologies threatens to block collaborative research and development and manufacturing of COVID-19 medical products.⁵
These restrictive business strategies have directly translated into exorbitant pricing and profiteering,⁶ With entire health systems already overwhelmed by COVID-19 and with governments facing a looming economic crisis, the health budgets of many countries simply cannot sustain highly priced COVID-19 medical products. These realities will also hinder production by any competent manufacturer and impede the full freedom to collaborate, in developing, producing, importing and exporting the needed medical products.
While the TRIPS Agreement contains flexibilities that can promote access, many WTO Members may face challenges in using them promptly and effectively. For instance, compulsory license offers a “product by product”, and “country by country” approach with variations in national laws, whereas the pandemic requires collective global action to tackle IP barriers and facilitate technology transfer. Where the IP barrier is beyond patents, national laws may not provide for sufficient flexibilities. Further, Article 31bis, a mechanism to supply countries with insufficient manufacturing capacity, does not provide an expedited solution and many countries have also opted out of using the mechanism.
Unless concrete steps are taken at the global level to address intellectual property and technology barriers, the abovementioned failures and shortcomings will replay as new medicines, vaccines and other medical products are rolled out. Access will have to be rationed, with devastating effects for public health and global economic recovery.
In a global pandemic where every country is affected, we need a global solution.⁷ Adoption of a Waiver at the WTO level will suspend implementation, application and enforcement of the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement in relation to prevention, containment, and treatment of COVID-19. It enables an expedited, open and automatic global solution to allow uninterrupted collaboration in development, production and supply, and to collectively address the global challenge facing all countries. It’s time for governments to take collective responsibility and put people’s lives before corporate monopolies.
Therefore, we strongly request you to unequivocally support the adoption of the proposed Waiver at the upcoming TRIPS Council meeting.
Global
1. Commons Network
2. Curbing Corruption
3. Friends of the Earth International
4. GRAIN
5. Grail Justice and Trade Agreements Network
6. Health Action International (HAI)
7. Health Alliance International
8. Health Global Access Project
9. Health Poverty Action
10. IndustriALL Global Union
11. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
12. Institute for Economic Research on Innovation
13. Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development (ICAD)
14. International Code Documentation Centre
15. International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
16. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition 17. Knowledge Ecology International (KEI)
18. LDC Watch
19. Médecins du Monde
20. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Access Campaign 21. Oxfam
22. Pan-African International
23. Peoples Health Movement
24. People’s Vaccine Alliance
25. Public Services International (PSI)
26. ReAct--Action on Antibiotic Resistance
27. Regions Refocus
28. Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary
29. Southern African Programme on Access to Medicines and Diagnosis (SAPAM) 30. Social Watch
31. Society for international Development
32. Transnational Institute
33. Transparency International Health Initiative
34. Third World Network
35. Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM)
36. Womankind Worldwide
Regional
37. Africa Development Interchange Network (ADIN),
38. African Alliance
39. African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation (ACHEST)
40. Africa Trade Network (ATN)
41. Africa Young Positives Network (AY +)
42. Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND
43. Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development
44. Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV (APN+)
45. Associação Brasileira de Economia Industrial e Inovação
46. Association des Femmes de l'Europe Méridionale (AFEM)
47. Building and Wood Workers International Asia Pacific
48. Comité de América Latina y el Caribe para la defensa de los Derechos de las Mujeres, Latin America y el Caribe
49. DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era), Global South
50. EEPA, Europe External Programme with Africa
51. EHNE-BIZKAIA, Euskal Herria, Basque Country
52. Eurasian harm reduction association, CEECA
53. European Alliance for Responsible R&D and Affordable Medicines, Europe
54. Focus on the Global South
55. Health Action International Asia Pacific
56. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition Regional Office for Latino America and Caribbean
57. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition- South Asia
58. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition, Middle East and North Africa
59. National Alliance of Women / Asia Pacific Women Watch
60. NGO Forum on ADB
61. Network TB people
62. Pacific Network on Globalisation
63. Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM)
64. REDCA+ El Salvador, Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama
65. Red Latinoamericana por el Acceso a Medicamentos (RedLAM)
66. South Asia Alliance for Poverty Eradication (SAAPE)
67. Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute
68. The Access IBSA Project, India-Brazil-South Africa
69. The African Women's Network for Community management of Forests
70. Treatment preparedness Coalition in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ITPCru) 71. Third World Network- Africa (TWN-Africa)
72. Yolse, Santé Publique et Innovation
National
73. 1:1 diet, Gauteng, South Africa
74. 100 Percent Life, Ukraine
75. Access to Medicines Ireland
76. Access to Medicines Research Group, China
77. Acción internacional para la Salud AIS, Perú
78. Action Aid Association, India
79. Actions against AIDS (Aktionsbündnis gegen AIDS) Germany
80. Action Governance Forum – AGF, Zambia
81. Active Citizens Movement, South Africa
82. Africaine de Recherche et de Coopération pour l'appui Au Développement Endogène (ARCADE), Senegal
83. African Centre for Biodiversity, South Africa
84. AIDES, France
85. AIDS Access Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
86. Água Doce - Serviços Populares, Brazil
87. Alianza por la Solidaridad, Spain
88. All India Drug Action Network, India
89. Amabele Project Flamingo, South Africa
90. Anti Free Trade Agreements Committee, India
91. APINTLAW (associated program for international law), Indonesia
92. Apoyo Positivo, Madrid, Spain
93. Ari's Cancer Foundation, South Africa
94. Arzte des Welt e.V.I Doctors of the World Germany, Germany
95. Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV (APN+), Thailand
96. Association Chabab El Borj, Morocco
97. Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (ABIA), Brazil
98. Associação Brasileira de Saúde Bucal Coletiva, Brazil
99. Association de lutte contre la dépendance ALCD, Mauritania
100. Associação Mulher lei e desenvolvimento, Mozambique
101. Asociación por un Acceso Justo al Medicamento, Spain
102. Asociación Nacional de Profesionales en Enfermería, Costa Rica
103. Association de lutte contre la dépendance ALCD, Mauritanie
104. Association for Promotion Sustainable Development, Hawai
105. Association for Proper Internet Governance, Switzerland
106. Association for Public Health Teaching, Research and Service, Nigeria
107. Association Nigérienne des Scouts de l'Environnement (ANSEN), Niger
108. Association of Physicians for Humanism, Republic of Korea (South)
109. ATTAC Hungary Association, Hungary
110. Auditoría Ciudadana de la Deuda en Sanidad (Audita Sanidad), Spain
111. Australian Arts Trust, Australia
112. Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET), Australia
113. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Australia
114. Both ENDS, The Netherlands
115. Brazilian Association of Public Health, Brazil
116. Bread for all, Switzerland
117. Breast Course 4 Nurses (BCN), South Africa
118. Breast Health Foundation (BHF), South Africa
119. BUKO Pharma-Kampagne, Germany
120. CADIRE CAMEROON ASSOCIATION, Cameroon
121. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Canada
122. Cancer Alliance, South Africa
123. Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), South Africa
124. Cancer Heroes, South Africa
125. Cancer Patients Aid Association, India
126. CanSir, South Africa
127. CanSurvive Cancer Support (CanSurvive), South Africa
128. Cape Mental Health (CMH), South Africa
129. CAPRISA - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, South Africa
130. Care for Cancer Foundation, South Africa
131. Childhood Cancer Foundation of South Africa (CHOC), South Africa
132. CENADEP, République Démocratique du Congo
133. Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Uganda
134. Center for Law, Innovation and Creativity, Northeastern U. School of Law, United States
135. Center for Policy Analysis on Trade and Health, United States
136. Centre for Global Public Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University London, United Kingdom
137. Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO), The Netherlands
138. Centre de Recherches et d'Appui pour les Alternatives de Développement - Océan Indien, Madagascar
139. Centre national de coopération au développement (CNCD-11.11.11), Belgium
140. Centro de Internet y Sociedad de la Universidad del Rosario ISUR, Colombia
141. Centro Internazionale Crocevia, Italy
142. Citizens’ Health Initiative (CHI), Malaysia
143. Citizens Trade Campaign, United States
144. Clare Cerfontyne, South Africa
145. Coordinadora de Organizaciones de Agricultores y Ganaderos (COAG), Spain
146. Coalición de Tendencia Clasista (CTC-VZLA), Venezuela
147. Coalition of women living with HIV and AIDS, Malawi
148. COAST Trust, Bangladesh
149. Coletivo AbrAce, Brazil
150. Consumer Association of Penang, Malaysia
151. Consumer Association the Quality of Life, Greece
152. Co-operative and Policy Alternative Center, South Africa
153. Coordination Forum of NGOs Working among the Palestinian Community, Lebanon
154. Council of Canadians, Conseil des Canadiens, Canada
155. Creative Commons México, México
156. CTA Autonoma (central de trabajadores de la argentina), Argentina
157. Dandora Community Aids Support Association, Kenya
158. Delhi Network of Positive People (DNP+), India
159. Diabetes SA, South Africa
160. Difäm e.V. (German Institute for Medical Mission), Germany
161. Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
162. Diverse Voices and Action (DIVA) for Equality, Fiji
163. Diverse Women for Diversity, India
164. Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, South Africa
165. Doctors Without Borders (MSF), South Africa
166. Drug Action Forum-Karnataka, India
167. Ecologistas en Acción, Spain
168. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, Egypt
169. Ekumenická akademie (Ecumenical Academy), Czech Republic
170. Epilepsy SA, South Africa
171. Equidad de Género: Ciudadanía, Trabajo y Familia, Mexico
172. Environmental Management Trust, Zimbabwe
173. EQUIT Institute - Gender, Economy and Global Citizenship, Brazil
174. Equity and Justice Working Group, Bangladesh (EquityBD), Bangladesh
175. Eritrean Law Society (ELS), Eritrea
176. Espace associatif, Morocco
177. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
178. Farmacéuticos Mundi, Spain
179. Federación de Asociaciones para la Defensa de la Sanidad Pública, España
180. Federación Española de Asociaciones de Estudiantes de Medicina para la Cooperación international (IFMSA-Spain), Spain
181. FIAN India
182. Fiji Youth Sexual & Reproductive Health Alliance, Fiji
183. Foaesp - Forum das Ong Aids do estado de São Paulo, Brazil
184. FOCO Foro Ciudadano de Participación por la Justicia y los Derechos Humanos, Argentine
185. Fix the Patent Law, South Africa
186. Fondation Eboko, France/Congo
187. Food Sovereignty Ghana, Ghana
188. Foundation for AIDS Rights, Thailand
189. Foundation for Integrative AIDS Research (FIAR), United States
190. FTA Watch, Thailand
191. Fundación Arcoíris por el respeto a la diversidad sexual, Mexico
192. Fundación GEP, Argentina
193. Fundación IFARMA, Colombia
194. Fundación Karisma, Colombia
195. Fundación Mexicana para la Planeación Familiar, A. C. MEXFAM, México
196. Fundación Vía Libre, Argentina
197. Gandhi Development Trust, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
198. GAT- Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos, Portugal
199. GenderCCSA, Gauteng, South Africa
200. Gene Ethics Limited, Australia
201. Gestos HIV and AIDS communication gender, Brazil
202. Gladiators of Hope, South Africa
203. Grandmothers Advocacy Network, Canada
204. Global Health Advocates France, France
205. Global Justice Now, United Kingdom
206. Governance Links Tanzania, Tanzania
207. Group of 80+ South Africa-affiliated Academics, South Africa
208. Grupo de Articulación y Dialogo, Guatemala
209. Grupo de Estudos em Economia Industrial, Brazil
210. Grupo de Incentivo à Vida GIV, Brazil
211. Grupo de Resistência Asa Branca- GRAB, Brazil
212. GTP+ Grupo de Trabalhos em Prevenção Posithivo, Brazil
213. Handelskampanjen, Norway
214. Health GAP, South Africa
215. Health Equity Initiatives, Malaysia
216. Health Innovation in Practice, Switzerland
217. Health Right Network, Republic of Korea
218. Hepatitis Scotland, United Kingdom
219. HIV Legal Network, Canada
220. Hospice Palliative Care Association (HPCA), South Africa
221. Human Rights Information and Training Center -HRITC, Yemen, Middle East
222. Indonesia AIDS Coalition, Indonesia
223. Indonesia for Global Justice (IGJ), Indonesia
224. Initiative for Health & Equity in Society, India
225. Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas, Brazil
226. instituto para el desarrollo y la paz amazonica, Tarapoto - región San Martín - Perú
227. Instituto Vida Nova Integração Social Educação e cidadania, Brazil
228. Integrated Social Development Effort (ISDE) Bangladesh
229. International Community of Women living with HIV- Kenya Chapter, Kenya
230. International-Lawyers.Org Switzerland
231. International Women's Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific, Malaysia
232. IP Unit, Faculty of Law, University of Cape Town, South Africa
233. ISP Américas - Public Service International, Brazil
234. IT for Change, India
235. Its Our Future, New Zealand
236. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan Rajasthan, India
237. Johannesburg Against Injustice (JAI), South Africa
238. Just Treatment, United Kingdom
239. Kamara organic promoter, Rwanda
240. Kamukunji Paralegal Trust (KAPLET), Republic of Korea
241. Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, India
242. Knowledge commune, South Korea
243. Khulumani Support Group, South Africa
244. Korean Dentists Association for Healthy Society, South Korea
245. Korean Federation Medical Activist Groups for Health Rights (Association of Korea Doctors for health rights, Association of Physicians for Humanism, Korean Dentist's Association for Healthy Society, Korean Pharmacists for Democratic Society, Solidarity for worker's health), Republic of Korea)
246. Korean Pharmacists for Democratic Society, South Korea
247. La Mundial, Spain
248. Lawyers Collective, India
249. Les anges du ciel, Afrique Centrale, DRCongo
250. Look Good Feel Better (LGFB), South Africa
251. Love Your Nuts (LYN), South Africa
252. Low Cost Standard Therapeutics, India
253. Lupus Foundation of South Africa, South Africa
254. Lymphoedema Association of South Africa (LAOSA), South Africa
255. Madhyam, India
256. Malawi Network of Religious Leaders Living with or Personally Affected by HIV and AIDS (MANERELA+), Malawi
257. Malaysian Food Security And Sovereignty Forum (FKKM), Malaysia
258. Malaysian Women's Action on Tobacco Control and Health (MyWATCH), Malaysia
259. Marie Stopes South Africa
260. Medical Students Association of India
261. Medico international, Germany
262. Médicos sin marca Colombia
263. Medicusmundi, Spain
264. Men’s Foundation, South Africa
265. Merebank Activist forum, South Africa
266. Milwaukee Fair Trade Coalition , Wisconsin, United States
267. Misión Salud, Colombia
268. Mopaids Movimento Paulistano de Luta Contra a Aids, Brazil
269. New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, New Zealand
270. New Woman Foundation ( NWF), Egypt
271. National Council Against Smoking, South Africa
272. National Fisheries Solidarity Movement, Sri Lanka
273. National Oncology Nursing Society of SA (NONSA), South Africa
274. National Union of Public and General Employees, Canada
275. National University of Colombia, Colombia
276. National Working Group on Patent Laws and WTO, India
277. Nepal Integrated Development Initiatives (NIDI), Nepal
278. NGO Federation of Nepal, Nepal
279. NGO's platform of Saida- Lebanon
280. Nigerian Women Agro Allied Farmers Association
281. Nikithemba NPO, South Africa
282. Non-communicable Disease Alliance Kenya, Kenya
283. Nuances, Brazil
284. Observatório de Políticas e do Cuidado em Saúde/ Pólo UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
285. Ongd AFRICANDO, Spain
286. Organisation des Ruraux pour une Agriculture Durable (ORAD), Benin
287. OTMeds (Observatoire de la transparence dans les politiques du médicament), France
288. Pancreatic Cancer Network of SA (PanCan), South Africa
289. Palestinian NGOs Network, Palestine
290. PAPDA, (Plateforme haïtienne de plaidoyer pour un développement alternative) Haïti
291. Participatory Ecological Land Use Management Association Eswatini, Swaziland
292. Participatory Research Action Network (PRAN), Bangladesh
293. Partnership Network Association, Kyrgyzstan
294. Pan-African Treatment Access Movement (PATAM), Zimbabwe
295. People Living With Cancer (PLWC), South Africa
296. People’s Health Institute, Republic of Korea
297. People's Health Movement Australia
298. People's Health Movement Brazil
299. People's Health Movement Kenya
300. People's Health Movement Nepal
301. People's Health Movement Republic of Korea
302. People's Health Movement South Africa
303. Phoenix Center for Economics & Informatics Studies-Jordan
304. Phoenix PLUS, Russia
305. Phoenix Settlement Trust, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
306. Pink Parasol Project, South Africa
307. Pink Trees for Pauline (Pink Trees), South Africa
308. Plataforma No Gracias, Spain
309. Plataforma Salud y Sanidad Pública Asturias, SPAIN
310. Pocket Cancer Support, South Africa
311. Policies for Equitable Access to Health (PEAH), Italy
312. Policy Analysis and Research of Lesotho, Lesotho
313. Positive Initiative, Republic of Moldova
314. Positive Malaysian Treatment Access & Advocacy Group (MTAAG+), Malaysia
315. Positive response for treatment access, adherence and support foundation, Nigeria
316. Prayas, India
317. Presentation Sisters, Wagga Wagga, NSW Australia
318. Prince MSHIYENI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, South Africa
319. Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy, Northeastern U. School of Law, United States
320. Public Citizen, United States
321. Public Eye, Switzerland
322. Public Health Association of Australia
323. Rajasthan vidyut prasaran mazdoor congres intuc, Rajastan, India
324. Rainbows and Smiles, South Africa
325. Reach for Recovery (RFR), South Africa
326. Red Mexicana de acción frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC), Mexico
327. Rede Brasileira Pela Integração dos Povos (REBRIP), Brazil
328. Rede jovem Rio mais, Brazil
329. Religions for Peace South Africa
330. Republican public association "People PLUS", Belarus
331. Research Foundation for Science Technology and Ecology, India
332. Réseau Accès aux Médicaments Essentiels, Burkina Faso
333. Réseau Mauritanien Pour L’Action Sociale- Mauritanie
334. Réseau PRODDES, République Démocratique du Congo
335. Right to Health Action [R2H Action], United States
336. Sahabat Alam Malaysia, Malaysia
337. Salud por Derecho, Spain
338. Salud y Fármacos, United States
339. Sampada Grameen Mahila Sanstha, India
340. Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic, Canada
341. Sanidad española, Spain
342. Sankalp Rehabilitation Trust, India
343. Save Seeds Japan, Japan
344. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Alliance (SABDA), South Africa
345. SEARCH Foundation, Australia
346. SECTION27, South Africa
347. Sisters of Charity Federation, United States
348. Social Awareness Service Organisation, India
349. Social Watch Bénin
350. Social Watch - Côte d'Ivoire
351. Social Watch – Philippines
352. Sociedad española de salud publica y administración sanitaria, Spain
353. Society for Community Health, Awareness, Research and Action (SOCHARA), South Africa
354. Society of Development and Care, Kenya
355. Solidarité Agissante pour le Développement Familial SADF, République Démocratique du Congo
356. Solidarity for Worker’s Health, Republic of Korea
357. S.O.S CEDIA - Criança e Desenvolvimento Integral De Angola
358. South African Food Sovereignty Campaign, South Africa
359. South African Oncology Social Workers’ Forum (SAOSWF) South Africa
360. Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute, Uganda
361. Southern & East African Trade Institute - South Africa (SEATINI), South Africa
362. Speaking 4 the Planet, Australia
363. STOPAIDS, United Kingdom
364. Students for Global Health, United Kingdom
365. Sukaar Welfare Organization, Pakistan
366. T1International, United Kingdom
367. Tax Justice Network Africa, Uganda
368. TB Proof, South Africa
369. TEDIC NGO, Paraguay
370. Terre A Vie, Ouagadougou ; Burkina Faso
371. The Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+) Netherlands
372. The Grail in Australia Justice Network, Australia
373. The Organization of Journalists Against Drugs and Crime in Tanzania
374. The Sunflower Funds (TSF), South Africa
375. Think Tank "Medicines, Information and Power" of the National University of Colombia
376. Trade Justice Pilipinas, Philippines
377. Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), South Africa
378. TRANSSMART TRUST, Zimbabwe
379. Tripla Difesa Onlus, Italy
380. TRCSS (Transdisciplinary Research Cluster on Sustainability Studies) JNU Jawaharial Nehru University, New Delhi, India
381. Treatment Action Group, United States
382. The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG), South Africa
383. The South African Federation of Mental Health (SAFMH), South Africa
384. The South African Non-Communicable Diseases Alliance (SANCD Alliance), South Africa
385. The Cancer Alliance including Advocates for Breast Cancer, South Africa
386. The Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP), South Africa
387. Trade Justice PEI, Canada
388. UDK Consultancy, Malawi
389. ULOA...Uganda land owners association, Uganda
390. Unions WA, Western Australia
391. Unión del Personal Civil de la Nación, Argentina
392. Union fédérale des consommateurs - Que Choisir, France
393. Vietnam Network of People living with HIV (VNP+), Vietnam
394. VREDE Foundation for Young People with Cancer (Vrede Foundation) South Africa
395. War on Want, United Kingdom
396. Washington Biotechnology Action Council, United States
397. Wemos, The Netherlands
398. We Rise and Prosper (WRAP), Uganda
399. Wings of Hope (WoH) South Africa
400. Win Without War, United States
401. Woman Health Philippines
402. Women Engage for a Common Future – The Netherlands
403. Women's Coalition Against Cancer, Malawi
404. World Vision Deutschland e.V.,Germany
405. Wote Youth Development Projects, Kenya
406. Yemeni Observatory for Human Rights-Yemen
407. Zambia Alliance for Agroecology and Biodiversity, Lusaka
408. Zimbabwe National Network of PLHIV (ZNNP+), Zimbabwe
* List updated May 31, 2021
¹ https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC-testing-30-Sep.pdf
² Small group of rich nations have bought up more than half the future supply of leading COVID-19 vaccine contenders, https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/small-group-rich-nations-have-bought-more-half-future-supply-leading-covid-19
³ Astra Zeneca vaccine document shows limit of no-profit pledge, Financial Times, 7th October 2020.
⁴ Pharma leaders shoot down WHO voluntary pool for patent rights on Covid-19 products, Pharmalot, 28th May 2020.
⁵ See for example: Pfizer-BioNTech, Regeneron sued for patent infringement with COVID-19 products https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-biontech-regeneron-sued-for-infringement-allele-s-patent-their-covid-19-products; Lawsuit reveals intellectual property is holding back production of CEPI- and Gates Foundation-funded COVID- 19 vaccine candidate, https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Hammond.pdf; Pandemic intellectual property dispute deepens as Inovio iscountersued, leaving its COVID-19 candidate in limbo, https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Inovio%20countersued%20IP-COVI...; Patent dispute looms as a major complication for Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine, https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Moderna%20IP-COVID%20Aug%20202...
⁶ For example, price of remdesivir in the US amounts to US$ 3120 per treatment and licensed generic versions in India cost US$ from 587 to 792 per treatment course6, while estimated minimum cost to manufacture remdesivir with a reasonable profit margin is only US$ 9 per treatment course.
⁷ India and South Africa proposal for WTO waiver from intellectual property protections for COVID-19-related medical technologies, MSF October 2020, https://msfaccess.org/india-and-south-africa-proposal-wto-waiver-ip-prot...19-related-medical-technologies